Resilience of Women Under the Criminal Justice System
Mots-clés :
résilience, femmes, système de justice pénale.Résumé
Au cours des 25 dernières années, le nombre de femmes dans le système de justice pénale a considérablement augmenté; la plupart d'entre eux ont été inclus dans la «guerre contre la drogue» et ont fait l'objet de politiques de punition de plus en plus punitives à l'encontre des délinquants non violents. Dans cet article, les auteurs traitent de la résilience du point de vue des facteurs de protection des femmes dans le système de justice pénale (par exemple, caractéristiques de la personnalité, caractéristiques biologiques, facteurs sociaux et culturels et caractéristiques de la communauté). La résilience peut également être définie comme un processus d'adaptation (développement personnel, appréciation cognitive positive, styles d'adaptation et spiritualité), les auteurs incluant également une perspective itérative sur la résilience en tant que cascade de processus de protection et de résultats positifs. par exemple, absence de symptômes) à la suite d'une exposition à des événements indésirables, dans notre cas, les femmes et les filles dans le système de justice pénale. Beaucoup de ces femmes sont aux prises avec des problèmes de toxicomanie, de maladie mentale et d’abus physique et sexuel. Parmi eux, un petit nombre reçoit les services dont ils ont besoin. Les effets sur ces femmes, filles et leurs familles sont dévastateurs. Sur la base de chacune de ces définitions-cadres, les auteurs prennent en compte les aspects généraux du concept de résilience.Références
Block, J., Kremen, M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: conceptual and empirical connections in separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, nr. 70, pp. 349-361. doi:
1037/0022-3514.70.2.349.
Boals, A., Riggs, S.A., Kraha, A. (2013). Coping with stressful or traumatic events: What aspects of trauma reactions are associated with health outcomes? Stress and Health. Vol. 29, Nr. 2, pp. 156-163. doi: 10.1002/smi.v29.2.
Bowland, S. (2015). Aging in place or being warehoused? African American trauma survivors in mixed-age housing. Traumatology (Tallahass Fla), Nr. 21, p. 172-180. doi:
1037/trm0000033.
Brothers, S. (2016). Merchants, samaritans, and public health workers: secondary syringe exchanger discursive practices. International Journal of Drug Policy. Nr 37, pp. 1-8. doi:
1016/j.drugpo.2016.06.004.
Burnett, H.J., Witzel, K., Allers, K., McBride, D.C. (2016). Understanding the relationship of trauma, substance use, and resilience among religiously affiliated university students. Journal of Research Christian Education, nr. 25, pp. 317-334. doi: 10.1080/10656219.
1237906
Chang, V.Y., Bendel, T.L., Koopman, C., McGarvey, E.L., Canterbury, R.J. (2003).
Delinquents’ safe sex attitudes. Criminal Justice Behaviour, nr. 30, pp. 210-229. doi:
1177/0093854802251005.
Davis, S.J., Spillman, S. (2011). Reasons for drug abstention: a study of drug use and resilience. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, Nr. 43, pp. 14–19. doi: 10.1080/02791072.
566492.
Ekinci, S., Kandemir, H. (2015). Childhood trauma in the lives of substance-dependent patients: The relationship between depression, anxiety and self-esteem. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 69, Nr. 4, pp. 249-253.
Fair, H. (2009). International Review of Women’s Prisons, Prison Service Journal, 184. Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York, NY:
Guilford Press.
Hills, F., Meyer-Weitz, A., Oppongo Asante, K. (2016). The lived experiences of street children in Durban, South Africa: violence, substance use, and resilience. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. Nr. 11, doi: 10.3402/ qhw.v11.30302.
Jacelon, C. (1997). The trait of resilience. Journal of Advanced Nursing, Nr. 25, pp. 123–129. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025123.x.
Jones, L. (2012). Measuring resiliency and its predictors in recently discharged foster youth.
Child Adolescent Social Work Journal, Nr. 29, pp. 515-533. doi: 10.1007/s10560-012-
-z.
Kaplan, H. (1999). Toward an understanding of resilience: A critical review of definitions and models. In: Glantz M, Johnson J, editors. Resilience and development: Positive life adaptations. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum, pp. 17-84.
Kolar, K. (2011). Resilience: revisiting the concept and its utility for social research.
International Journal on Mental Health Addiction, Nr. 9, pp. 421-433. doi: 10.1007/s11469-
-9329-2.
LaFromboise, T.D., Hoyt, D.R., Oliver, L., Whitbeck, L.B. (2006). Family, community, and school influences on resilience among American Indian adolescents in the upper Midwest. Journal of Community Psychol. Nr. 34, pp. 193-209. doi: 10.1002/jcop.20090.
Luthar, S.S., Cicchetti, D., Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: a critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, Nr. 71, pp. 543-562. doi:
1111/1467-8624.00164.
Masten, A.S., Best, K.M., Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development: contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity. Developmental Psychopathology, Nr. 2, pp. 425-444. doi: 10.1017/S0954579400005812.
Masten, A.S. (2001). Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. American
Psychology, Nr. 56, pp. 227-238. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.227.
Masten, A.S. (2007). Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology, Vol. 19, Nr. 3, pp. 921-930. doi:
1017/S0954579407000442.
Masten, A.S., Monn, A.R. (2015). Child and family resilience: A call for integrated science, practice, and professional training’, in Family Relations, 64, 1, pp. 5–21. doi: 10.1111/ fare.12103
Schoedl, A.F., Costa, M.P., Mari, J.J., Mello, M.F., Tyrka, A.R., Carpenter, L.L., Price, L.H. (2010). The clinical correlates of reported childhood sexual abuse: An association between age at trauma onset and severity of depression and PTSD in adults. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol. 19, Nr. 2, pp. 156-170. doi: 10.1080/10538711003615038.
Shpiegel, S. (2015). Resilience among older adolescents in foster care: the impact of risk and protective factors. International Journal on Mental Health Addiction, Nr. 14, pp. 6-22. doi:
1007/s11469-015-9573-y.
Soler, L., Paretilla, C., Kirchner, T., Forns, M. (2012). Effects of poly-victimization on self- esteem and post-traumatic stress symptoms in Spanish adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Vol. 21, Nr. 11, pp. 645-653. doi: 10.1007/s00787-012-0301-x.
Tomiţă, M. (2013). The resilience of women drug users sentenced to the execution of a custodial sentence, Revista de Asistenţă Socială, nr. 4, pp. 95-106.
Yates, T.M., Grey, I.K. (2012). Adapting to aging out: profiles of risk and resilience among emancipated foster youth. Developmental Psychopathology, Nr. 24, pp. 475-492. doi:
1017/S0954579412000107.
Wathen, C.N., Tanaka, M., MacGregor, J.C.D., Ferro, M.A., McKee, C., Boyle, M., Ford- Gilboe, M., MacMillan, H.L. (2016). ‘Trajectories for women who disclose intimate partner violence in health care settings: the key role of abuse severity’, in International Journal of Public Health, 61, 8, pp. 873-882. doi: 10.1007/s00038-016-0852-6.
