TRANSFORMAREA COMUNITĂŢILOR ŞTIINŢIFICE ÎN ERA DIGITALĂ
Mots-clés :
scientific communities, online collaboration, strong ties, latent ties, InternetRésumé
The development of New Media determined a remarkable cultural change, and beside the technological aspects, it produced a whole range of socially relevant questions. Thus, my paper focuses on the relationship between contemporary scientific research and society, from the perspective of the role played by the new technologies in the creation of scientific communities. I am especially interested in the phenomenon of online cooperation within these communities, and in the way the new technologies (re)shape the scientific research. In discussing online cooperation, we must not leave aside subjects such as helping and sharing behaviors, the problem of costs and benefits, the social ties that are involved or the connection among knowledge, experience and digitalization.Références
BENGHOZI, Pierre-Jean. 2010. „Les communautés virtuelles: structuration sociale ou outil de gestion?”. In Faire communauté en societé. Dynamique des appartenances collectives, edited by Ivan Sainsaulieu, Monika Salzbrunn, Laurent Amiotte-Suchet, 151-168. Rennes: Presses Univeritaires de Rennes.
BUKVOVA, Helena. 2011. „Scientists online: A framework for the analysis of Internet profiles”. First Monday. 16 (10). http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/3584/3065
COSTA, Sely, MEADOWS, Jack. 2000. „The impact of computer usage on scholarly communication among social scientists”. Journal of Information Science 26 (4), 255-262.
DING, Waverly, LEVIN, Sharon, STEPHAN, Paula si WINKLER, Anne. 2010. ”The Impact of Information Technology on Academic Scientists’ Productivity and Collaboration Patterns”. Management Science, 1-23. Published online before print. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1100.1195, http://www.haas.berkeley.edu/faculty/papers/wding3_IT%20productivity%20and%20collaboration.pdf
FAROOQ, Umer, CARROLL, John M., GANOE, Craig H. 2008. „Designing for Creativity in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work”. International Journal of e-Collaboration 4 (4), 51-75.
GALIBERT, Olivier. 2007. „Communautés virtuelles: un risque de marchandisation?”. In Le réseau pensant. Pour comprendre la société numérique, edited by Pascal Lardellier, Philippe Ricaud, 61-68. Dijon: Editions Universitaires de Dijon, Dijon.
GENONI, Paul, MERRICK Helen, and WILLSON, Michele. 2005. „The use of the Internetto activate latent ties in scholarly communities”. First Monday 10 (12). http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue10_12/genoni/index.html
HARA, Noriko, SOLOMON, Paul, KIM, Seung-Lye, SONNENWALD, Diane H. 2003. „Am Emerging View of Scientific Collaboration: Scientists? Perspectives on Collaboration and Factors that Impact Collaboration”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 54 (10), 952-965.
HAYTHORNTHWAITE, Caroline. 2002. „Strong, Weak, and Latent Ties and the Impact of New Media”. The Information Society 18: 385-401.
KIM, E., MORSE, A., and ZINGALES L. 2009. „Are elite universities losing their competitive edge?” Journal of Financial Economics 93 (3): 353-381.
KOKU, Emanuel, NAZER, Nancy, WELLMAN, Barry. 2001. „Netting scholars: Online and offline”. American Behavioral Scientist 44 (10): 1752-1774.
KOLLOCK, Peter. 1999. „The economies of online cooperation: gifts and public goods in cyberspace”. In Communities in Cyberspace, edited by M. Smith & P. Kollock, 220-242. New York: Routledge.
KUHN, Thomas. 2008. Structura revolutiilor stiintifice. Bucuresti: Humanitas.
MATURANA, Humberto R., VARELA, Francisco J. 1992. The Tree of Knowledge. The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Revisited Edition. Massachusetts: Shambhala Publications Ltd.
MEYER, Eric T., Schroeder Ralph. 2009. „The world wide web of research and acces to knowledge”. Knowledhe Management Research & Practice 7: 218-233.
RHEINGOLD, Howard. 2000. The Virtual Community. Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier. Massachusetts: MIT Press. Disponibila gratuit si pe http://www.rheingold.com/vc/book/intro.html
SONNENWALD, Diane H. 1995. „Contested collaboration: a descriptive model of intergroup communication in information system design”. Information Processing and Management 31 (6), 859-877.
SONNENWALD, Diane H. 2006. „Collaborative virtual environments for scientific collaboration: technical and organizational design frameworks”. În Avatars at Work and Play. Collaboration and Interaction in Shared Virtual Environment, edited by R. Schroeder, A. S. Axelsson, 63-96. Dordrecht: Springer.
STOAN, S. K. 1991. „Research and information retrieval among academic researchers: implication for library instruction”. Library Trends 39 (3), 238-257.
TALJA, Sanna. 2002. ”Information sharing in academic communities: Types and levels of collaboration in information seeking and use”. New Review of Information Behavior Research, 3, 143-159.
WENGER, E., McDERMOTT, R. and SNYDER, W.M. 2002. Cultivating communities of practice: A guide to managing knowledge. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
WALSH, John P., Bayma, Todd. 1996. „The virtual college: Computer-mediated communication and scientific work”. The Information Society 12: 343-363.
WALSH, John P., KUCKER, Stephanie, MALONEY Nancy G., GABBAY, Shaul. 2000. „Connecting Minds: Computer-Mediated Communication and Scientific Work”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 51 (14), 1295-1305.