THE IMAGE OF THE ‘EURO’ IN THE MEDIA. A CONTENT ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47743/asas-2024-2-770Cuvinte cheie:
euro, percepție publică, analiză de conținut, analiză a sentimentelor, text miningRezumat
Studiul analizează imaginea euro în presă și percepțiile publicului printr-o analiză de conținut a articolelor media. Scopul cercetării este de a identifica narațiunile dominante și temele pentru a înțelege modul în care evenimentele economice și politice influențează atitudinile față de euro și contribuie la încrederea în această monedă. Metodologia utilizează analiza de conținut aplicată pe articole din presa italiană și europeană, procesate cu pachete R pentru analiza sentimentelor și vizualizarea termenilor cei mai frecvenți. Studiul se concentrează pe articole care abordează opiniile publicului din zona euro, cu accent pe Italia, unde scepticismul față de euro este mai pronunțat. Rezultatele evidenția atât părți pozitive, cât și negative despre euro, cu variații de ton legate de crize economice, dinamica politică și încrederea în politicile fiscale. Implicațiile cercetării sunt relevante pentru decidenții politici și mediul de presă, oferind recomandări pentru strategii de comunicare eficiente care să susțină încrederea publicului în euro. Înțelegerea impactului mass-media asupra percepției publice poate sprijini dezvoltarea unor politici monetare și de comunicare mai bine informate, care să consolideze stabilitatea și acceptarea euro în zona euro.
Referințe
Banducci, S. A., Karp, E. A., & Loedel, P. H. (2003). The euro, economic interests and multi-level governance: Examining support for the common currency. European Journal of Political Research, 42(5), 685–703. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.00100
Bordo, M. D., Jonung, L., & Markiewicz, A. (2013). A Fiscal Union for the Euro: Some Lessons from History. CESifo Economic Studies, 59(3), 449–488. https://doi.org/10.1093/cesifo/ift001
Chowdhury, K. R. (2020). TF-IDF using R. Medium. https://medium.com/@kounteyo1998/tf-idf-using-r-19fe750a9d15
Deroose, S., Hodson, D., & Kuhlmann, J. (2007). The legitimation of EMU: Lessons from the early years of the euro. Review of International Political Economy, 14(5), 800–819. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290701642697
European Central Bank. (2021). Five things you need to know about the Maastricht Treaty. European Central Bank. https://www.ecb.europa.eu/ecb/educational/explainers/tell-me-more/html/25_years_maastricht.en.html
European Commission. (2023). What is the euro area? Economy-finance.ec.europa.eu. https://economy-finance.ec.europa.eu/euro/what-euro-area_en
European Commission. (2019). Flash Eurobarometer 481 (The Euro Area, October 2019). GESIS Data Archive, Cologne. https://doi.org/10.4232/1.13417
Ford, C. (2019). Reading PDF Files into R for Text Mining. Library.virginia.edu. https://library.virginia.edu/data/articles/reading-pdf-files-into-r-for-text-mining
Gabel, M., & Hix, S. (2005). Understanding Public Support for British Membership of the Single Currency. Political Studies, 53(1), 65–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00517.x
Gunnella, V., Lebastard, L., Lopez-Garcia, P., Serafini, R., & Mattioli, A. Z. (2021). The Impact of the Euro on Trade: Two Decades into Monetary Union. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3941630
Hobolt, S. B., & Leblond, P. (2014). Economic Insecurity and Public Support for the Euro. Mass Politics in Tough Times, 128–147. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199357505.003.0005
Marcussen, M., & Zølner, M. (2003). Monetarism and the Masses. Cooperation and Conflict, 38(2), 101–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836703038002002
Roth, F., & Jonung, L. (2022). Public Support for the Euro and Trust in the ECB: The First Two Decades of the Common Currency. Contributions to Economics, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86024-0_1
Roth, F., Jonung, L., & Nowak-Lehmann D., F. (2022). Crisis and Public Support for the Euro. Contributions to Economics, 157–163. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86024-0_7
Rul, C. V. den. (2019). How to Generate Word Clouds in R. Medium. https://towardsdatascience.com/create-a-word-cloud-with-r-bde3e7422e8a
Skaggs, N. T. (1998). Debt as the Basis of Currency. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 57(4), 453–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.1998.tb03375.x
Verdun, A. (2019). Economic and Monetary Union. In European Union Politics (pp. 343–357). https://doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198806530.003.0023
Witt, U. (2016). Economic policy making in evolutionary perspective. In Rethinking Economic Evolution (pp. 209–226). https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785365072.00022
Articles used for content analysis
Scarpetta, V. (2014). Italy’s economic problems are not caused by the euro, but by the country’s chaotic political system. London School of Economics (EUROPP Blog). Available at: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/
Jones, G. (2017). Out of pocket, Italians fall out of love with the euro. Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN15N0JH/
Gaunt, J. (2017). Two reasons why Italians are turning sour on the euro. Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN17E1JZ/
Romano, B. (2018). Italy’s Euroscepticism: A case of victimhood and a tale of missed opportunity. Jacques Delors Institute. Available at: https://institutdelors.eu/en/publications/italys-euroscepticism-a-case-of-victimhood-and-a-tale-of-miss-opportunity/
Severgnini, B. (2018). Will Italy leave the E.U.? Not so fast. The New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/27/opinion/italy-leave-european-union.html
Jones, E. (2018). Italy’s real euro referendum. Politico. Available at: https://www.politico.eu/article/opinion-italys-real-euro-referendum-matteo-salvini-league/
Scazzieri, L., & Springford, J. (2018). Why Italy will confront the EU, but stay in the euro. Centre for European Reform. Available at: https://www.cer.eu/insights/why-italy-will-confront-eu-stay-euro
Gligorov, V. (2018). Italy and the euro. The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies. Available at: https://wiiw.ac.at/italy-and-the-euro-n-346.html
Brunazzo, M., & Mascitelli, B. (2020). At the origin of Italian Euroscepticism. Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies. Available at: https://esaanz.org.au/anzjes/
Kantar. (2020). How the pandemic has changed the way Italians view the EU. Available at: https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/politics/2020-how-the-pandemic-has-changed-the-way-italians-view-the-eu
Poli, E., & Valentiner, M. (2020). From Albertini to Anti-Europeanism: Shades of Euroscepticism in Italy. L’Europe en Formation, (373), 66. https://doi.org/10.3917/eufor.373.0066
Guarascio, D., Heimberger, P., & Zezza, F. (2023). The Euro Area’s Achilles heel: Reassessing Italy’s long decline in the context of European integration and globalisation. The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies. Available at: https://wiiw.ac.at/the-euro-area-s-achilles-heel-reassessing-italy-s-long-decline-in-the-context-of-european-integration-and-globalisation-p-6622.html