THE ROLE OF YOUTUBE AND FACEBOOK IN CO-BUILDING AND SHARING MULTIDIMENSIONAL IDENTITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION VS. NATIONALIST POLITICS: THE CASE OF ROMANIAN TEENAGERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47743/asas-2020-1-593Cuvinte cheie:
European identity, Romanian national identity, social representations, social mediaRezumat
Identity negotiation is a complex process determined by different social interactions and relationships from various environments. One of these environments is also represented by social media, where people are more and more present, and where everyone can express their opinions as freely as possible. Thus, in our research we used the content analysis of YouTube videos and Facebook posts, to follow the co-building and sharing of the supranational and national identities. The case discussed is that of Romanian teenagers, for whom it turned out that the European identity is much stronger than the Romanian national identity. Moreover, we discovered that the strengthening of the European identity can be achieved effectively through social media, even at a time when Romania was affected by nationalist politics. The period considered is 2016-2019, and data were collected from 274 teenagers on Facebook and 115 teenagers on YouTube. As a research framework, we chose the approach of the Social Representations Theory, using both quantitative and qualitative techniques for data analysis.Referințe
Abric, J.-C. (2001). A structural approach to social representations. In Deaux, K. & Philogène, G. (Eds.), Representations of the Social. Blackwell, Oxford, 42-47.
Andreouli, E., Kaposi, D. & Stenner, P. (2019). Brexit and emergent politics: In search of a social psychology. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 29 (1), 6-17.
Chiciudean, I. & Corbu, N. (2015). Saved by the Union: Romanians’ Attitudes toward the European Union. Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations, 17 (3), 71-83.
Cinnirella, M. (1997). Towards a European identity? Interactions between the national and European social identities manifested by university students in Britain and Italy, British Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 19-31.
Davis, A. (2010). New media and fat democracy: the paradox of online participation. New Media & Society, 12 (5), 745-761.
de Rosa A. S., Bocci, E, Salvati, M., Latini, M., Bonito, M., Carpignano, N., Nubola, A., Palombi, A., Tovo, G. (2020). Transversal polarized discourse about „immigration” through multiple social media: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Youtube. In L. Gómez Chova, A. López Martínez, I. Candel Torres (Eds.), INTED2020 Proceedings. Published by IATED Academy, Valencia, 3257-3267.
de Rosa, A.S. (1996). Reality Changes Faster than Research: National and Supranational Identity in Social Representations of the European Community in the Context of Changes in International Relations. In Breakwell, G. M., Lyons, E. (Eds.), Changing European Identities: social psychological analyses of social change. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 381-402.
Devos, T. & Doise, W. (2013). Identity and interdependence: for a social psychology of the European Union. In de Rosa, A. S. (Ed.), Social Representations in the „social arena". Routledge,.London, 200-210.
Effing, R., van Hillegersberg, J., & Huibers, T. (2011). Social Media and Political Participation: Are Facebook, Twitter and YouTube Democratizing Our Political Systems?. In: Tambouris E., Macintosh A., de Bruijn H. (Eds.) Electronic Participation. ePart 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6847. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Ker-Lindsay, J., Armakolas, I., Balfour, R., & Stratulat, C. (2017). The national politics of EU enlargement in the Western Balkans. Journal of Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 17(4), 1-12.
Klein, O., Licata, L., Azzi, A.E., & Durala, I. (2003) ‘How European am I?: Prejudice expression and the presentation of social identity’. Self and Identity 2, 251-264
Licata, L. (2003). Representing the Future of European Union: Consequences on National and European Identifications. Papers on Social Representations, 12, 5.1-5.22.
Moscovici, S. (1961/1976). La psychanalyse, son image et son public, PUF, Paris
Moscovici, S. (1973). Foreword. In C. Herzlich (Ed.), Health and illness: A social psychological analysis. Academic Press, London, pp. xiii–xiv.
Moscovici, S. (2000). Social Representations: Explorations in Social Psychology. Cambridge, Polity Press.
Neculau, A. (1996). Reprezentările sociale - dezvoltări actuale. In Neculau, A. (coord.) Psihologie socială. Aspecte contemporane. Polirom. Iași, 34-52.
Schmid, V. A. (2019). Politicization in the EU: between national politics and EU political dynamics. Journal of European Public Policy, 26 (7), 1018-1036.
Swann, W. B., Jr, & Bosson, J. K. (2008). Identity negotiation: A theory of self and social interaction. In John, O.P., Robins, R.W. and Pervin, L. A. (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research. The Guilford Press, New York, 448–471.
Internet references:
Agence Europe, Europe Daily Bulletin, accessed on January 4, 2019. Retrieved from https://agenceurope.eu/en/bulletin/article/12235/12
European Parliament and Council of the European Union (April 17, 2019). Directive (EU) 2019/790 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC, Published in Official Journal of the European Union L 130/92, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX% 3A32019L0790 (accessed on April 20, 2019)
Speedtest Global Index, accesed May 10, 2019. Retrieved from www.speedtest.net/global-index
Twitter, Guy Ferhofstadt profile, accessed on January 4, 2019. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/guyverhofstadt/status/1121397943351644160
Vint Cerf et al., Article 13 of the EU Copyright Directive Threatens the Internet (letter), accessed on March 27, 2019. Retrieved from www.eff.org/files/2018/06/12/ article13letter.pdf
