INTERSECTING VULNERABILITIES: BUCHAREST HOUSING AT THE NEXUS OF SEISMIC EXPOSURE, SOCIAL PRECARITY AND CULTURAL PERCEPTION OF RISK
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.47743/asas-2025-1-810Mots-clés :
vulnerable city, structural vulnerability, seismic risk, social precarity, housing, risk perception, collective memory, community resilienceRésumé
Quand on parle de tremblement de terre, il ne s’agit pas uniquement des bâtiments, mais des personnes qui y vivent. Le séisme ne nous affecte pas tous de manière égale, même si nous habitons des structures également vulnérables. Dans le contexte urbain actuel, le risque sismique ne peut plus être réduit à ses aspects techniques, tout comme la vulnérabilité ne peut plus être comprise uniquement comme une exposition aux aléas naturels. Le risque sismique implique l’interaction de facteurs structurels, politiques, sociaux, économiques et culturels. Cet article analyse le cas de Bucarest – capitale européenne avec le plus haut degré de risque sismique – marquée par une histoire sismique profonde et une infrastructure résidentielle fragile. S’appuyant sur une recherche qualitative comprenant des entretiens approfondis avec des habitants d’immeubles à risque, cette étude met en lumière la manière dont les vulnérabilités structurelles et sociales se croisent et se renforcent mutuellement. Elle explore également les mécanismes de gestion du risque, les symboles et les mythes ancrés dans la mémoire collective du tremblement de terre. Le travail propose une relecture de l’habitat comme espace du danger intériorisé et envisage le risque sismique non comme une menace isolée, mais comme une réalité sociale et culturelle intégrée. La conclusion souligne la nécessité d’une cartographie interdisciplinaire des vulnérabilités et de politiques urbaines centrées sur la résilience communautaire, intégrant aussi la dimension culturelle de la perception du risque par les habitants.
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