The Electoral Violence – A Re-Emerging Concept in the Analysis of Contemporary Political Systems?
Cuvinte cheie:
electoral violence, political system, democracy, political actors, political participationRezumat
This article aims to analyze the concept of electoral violence, which seems to be increasingly relevant in the present day world, as it re-emerges in the context of multiple electoral competitions held in 2024. The interest for such an analysis is determined by the fact that electoral violence seems to be an increasingly present phenomenon in a world made up mainly of democratic political systems that do not encourage such forms of political participation.
From this point of view, this article aims to define the concept of electoral violence, to determine the possible causes and consequences of the way in which its corresponding phenomena take form, and to conduct a diagnosis based on the phenomenology of the term by referencing different cases where the manifestation of electoral violence could be observed.
Referințe
Electoral conflict and violence, A Strategy for Study and Prevention. (2002). IFES White Paper 2002-01 Jeff Fischer February 5, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UNTC/UNPAN019255.pdf.
The United Nations Policy on Preventing and Mitigating Election-related Violence. (2016). https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/prevention-and-mitigation-election-related-violence-action-guide.
"Elections and conflict Prevention". (2009). A Guide to Analysis, Planning and Programming, UNPD, https://www.undp.org/publications/elections-and-conflict-prevention-guide.
Alston, P. (2010). “Addendum - Election-related violence and killings”, Report of the UN Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.
Bardall, G.S. (2016). Voices, Votes and Violence: Essays on Select Dynamics of Electoral Authoritarian Regimes, retrieved from: https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/18513.
Doubek, J. (2024). "States and cities beef up security to prepare for potential election-related violence". NPR. Online: https://www.npr.org/2024/11/04/nx-s1-5178083/national-guard-police-election-security.
Fischer, J. (2002). Electoral Conflict and Violence: A Strategy for Study and Prevention, online: https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/migrate/econflictpaper.pdf.
Haid, C. (2010). Explaining electoral violence: gunmen, garrisons and graft in Jamaican politics, working paper, p. 1.
Höglund, K. (2009). “Electoral violence in conflict-ridden societies: concepts, causes and consequences”, Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 21, No. 3, p. 417.
Kehailia, G. (2014). "Elections Worth Dying For? A Selection of Case Studies from Africa", International Foundation for Electoral Systems.
Laakso, L. (2007). “Insights into electoral violence in Africa”, Votes, Money and Violence: Political Parties and Elections in Sub-Saharan Africa, pp. 227–228.
Narea, N. (2024). "2024 election violence is already happening". Vox., https://www.vox.com/politics/381520/2024-election-violence-trump-loses-extremism-civil-war.
Parker, N. Eisler, P. (2024). "New cases of political violence roil US ahead of contentious election". Reuters. Retrieved December 1.
Pape, R.A., Weerakoon, D., Stuenkel, O., Abebe, A.K., Finn, D. (2024). "Why Electoral Violence Starts—and How It Can End", Foreign Policy, https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/11/01/electoral-violence-political-united-states/.
Electoral violence remains a challenge as the world concludes the super year of elections, https://demofinland.org/en/electoral-violence-remains-a-challenge/.
Germany’s political polarization spills into the streets ahead of federal elections. (2025). https://acleddata.com/2025/02/17/germanys-political-polarization-spills-into-the-streets-ahead-of-federal-elections/.
Nash. R. (2024). "The Romanian 2024 Election Annulment: Addressing Emerging Threats to Electoral Integrity", International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES), https://www.ifes.org/publications/romanian-2024-election-annulment-addressing-emerging-threats-electoral-integrity.