Protesting For a Problematic Status Quo: Romanian Magistrates’ Responses to Judicial Pension Reform

Autori

  • Ovidiu Gherasim-Proca

Cuvinte cheie:

protest, pension reform, judiciary reform, austerity, Constitutional Court of Romania, neoliberalism

Rezumat

One of the most debated topics concerning the reform of the Romanian judiciary has been the perceived need to remove some of the benefits associated with the special retirement regime available to judges, prosecutors, and administrative personnel assimilated to magistrates. Such benefits have become a symbol of entrenched privileges of the elite, while defended by the magistrates as a necessary guarantee of their institutional independence. This article examines the political conflict surrounding the 2025 Romanian judicial pension reform, focusing on the apparent inability of the judiciary to mobilize in protest and to act as a veto player, despite its immense bargaining power. Drawing on documentary analysis of legislative proceedings, judicial council decisions and public statements, the article argues that the magistrates’ willingness to compromise reflects the attachment of the judicial elite to a dysfunctional and unsustainable bargain with the political decision-makers: excessive workloads and organizational inertia traded for relatively high levels of remuneration and special pension entitlements.

Biografie autor

Ovidiu Gherasim-Proca

Lecturer in the Department of Political Sciences, International Relations and European Studies of the "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University in Iasi

Referințe

Alistar, V. (2020). Improving And Strengthening The Effectiveness Of The Institutional Capacity Of The Judicial System. Law Review, 10(2), 46–52.

Bechir, M. (2023, May 27). Avertisment CSM: 1.500 de magistraţi s-ar putea pensiona dacă le va creşte „intempestiv” vârsta de pensionare - se cer 20 de ani pentru creșterea etapizată. CursDeGuvernare.ro. https://cursdeguvernare.ro/1500-magistrati-sputea-pensiona-daca-creste-varsta-pensionare.html

Coman, R., & Puleo, L. (2025). Opposition and resistance: How judges and professional associations in Poland, Hungary, and Romania defend their independence. East European Politics, 41(1), 24–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2024.2409439

Bourdieu, P. (1998, December 1). The essence of neoliberalism. Le Monde Diplomatique. https://mondediplo.com/1998/12/08bourdieu

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. (2023, June 13). Comunicat de presă. Biroul de Informare Publică și Relații cu Mass Media. https://www.csm1909.ro/PageDetails.aspx?PageId=299&FolderId=10473&FolderTitle=COMUNICAT-DE-PRES%C4%82-(2023-06-13)

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. (2025a, July 17). Comunicat de presă – Analiză comparativă cu privire la volumul cauzelor şi termenul mediu de soluţionare raportat la alte state din Uniunea Europeană. Serviciul de Informare Publică, Relaţii cu Mass Media şi Protecţia Datelor cu Caracter Personal. https://www.csm1909.ro/PageDetails.aspx?Type=Title&FolderId=12152

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. (2025b, October 21). Comunicat de presă referitor la decizia Curții Constituționale din data de 20 octombrie 2025. Serviciul de Informare Publică, Relaţii cu Mass Media şi Protecţia Datelor cu Caracter Personal. https://www.csm1909.ro/PageDetails.aspx?PageId=299&FolderId=12381&FolderTitle=COMUNICAT%20DE%20PRES%C4%82%20referitor%20la%20decizia%20Cur%C8%9Bii%20Constitu%C8%9Bionale%20din%20data%20de%2020%20octombrie%202025-(2025-10-21)

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. (2025c, November 12). Acordul pentru justiție și stabilitate instituțională. https://www.iccj.ro/2025/11/12/acordul-pentru-justitie-si-stabilitate-institutionala/

Consiliul Superior al Magistraturii. (n.d.). Rapoarte privind starea justiţiei. Retrieved February 6, 2025, from https://www.csm1909.ro/pagedetails.aspx?pageid=267&folderid=3570

Curtea Constituțională a României. (2025, November 10). Decizia Curții Constituționale a României nr. 479 din 20 octombrie 2025 referitoare la obiecția de neconstituționalitate a Legii pentru modificarea și completarea unor acte normative din domeniul pensiilor de serviciu, publicată în Monitorul Oficial nr.1036 din 10.11.2025. www.ccr.ro/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Decizie_479_2025.pdf

Ene, A. (2024, June 12). Situația justiției din România prin raportare la situația statelor UE, conform tabloului de bord privind Justiția din UE, ediția 2024 [Online post]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=331514419993252&set=a.124068784071151

Euronews. (2025a, December 4). Magistrații vor judeca maximum 40 de dosare, pe lună. CSM: În anumite cauze, durata de soluționare se va prelungi. euronews.ro: Știri de ultimă oră, breaking news, #AllViews. https://www.euronews.ro/articole/magistratii-vor-judeca-maximum-40-de-dosare-pe-luna-csm-in-anumite-cauze-durata-d

Euronews. (2025b, December 6). Lia Savonea, reacție după decizia CCR privind pensiile magistraților: „Justiția nu se negociază și nu se supune presiunilor politice”. euronews.ro: Știri de ultimă oră, breaking news, #AllViews. https://www.euronews.ro/articole/lia-savonea-reactie-dupa-decizia-ccr-privind-pensiile-magistratilor-justitia-nu-s

European Commision. (2021). Proposal for a Council Implementing Decision on the approval of the assessment of the recovery and resilience plan for Romania (COM/2021/608 final). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2021%3A0608%3AFIN

European Commission. (2025, May 28). Commission Implementing Decision of 28.5.2025 on the partial suspension of the disbursement of the third instalment of the non- repayable support and the third instalment of the loan support for Romania. C(2025) 3490 final. https://commission.europa.eu/document/download/647a956c-b008-4a82-9651-9f87286a2ad1_en?filename=C_2025_3487_1_EN_ACT_part1_v3.pdf

Gherasim-Proca, O. (2014). Câteva observaţii privind reforma sistemului judiciar din România. Există priorităţi de politică publică mai presante decât lupta împotriva corupţiei? Sfera Politicii, 180–181(4–5), 172–186.

Gherasim-Proca, O. (2023). Key political issues in the reform of Romanian judiciary under the Cooperation and Verification Mechanism. Eastern Journal of European Studies, 14(2), 221–244. https://doi.org/10.47743/ejes-2023-0210

Gee, J. P. (2011). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method (3rd ed). Routledge.

Jørgensen, M., & Phillips, L. (2002). Discourse Analysis as Theory and Method. Sage. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208871

M.B. (2025, September 10). Nicușor Dan: „E neplăcut să iei bani de la educație, sănătate și să plătești pentru apărare, dar orice e mai bun decât un război”. Digi24. https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/nicusor-dan-e-neplacut-sa-iei-bani-de-la-educatie-sanatate-si-sa-platesti-pentru-aparare-dar-orice-e-mai-bun-decat-un-razboi-3408249

Mutler, A. (2025, November 15). Hundreds gather in Romanian capital to demand ouster of controversial High Court judge. Universul.net. https://universul.net/hundreds-gather-in-romanian-capital-to-demand-ouster-of-controversial-high-court-judge/

National Institute of Statistics. (2025). Romanian Statistical Yearbook—Time series (CD-ROM) [Dataset]. https://insse.ro/cms/files/Publicatii_2025/02.Anuarul_statistic_al_Romaniei_serii_de_timp/ASR_serii_de_timp_2024.zip

Nicușor Dan: Romanian judges have worked these years 2-3 times more than those in European countries. (2025, August 31). Spotmedia.Ro. https://spotmedia.ro/en/news/news/nicusor-dan-romanian-judges-have-worked-these-years-2-3-times-more-than-those-in-european-countries

Pantazi, C. (2022, December 19). Special pension reform enters the government approval circuit on Tuesday and will be adopted next week as draft law / Bill will be sent to Parliament for debate / Military pensions remain unchanged. G4Media.ro. https://www.g4media.ro/breaking-special-pension-reform-enters-the-government-approval-circuit-on-tuesday-and-will-be-adopted-next-week-as-a-bill-bill-will-be-sent-to-parliament-for-debate-military-pensions-remain-unchan.html

Parliament of Romania. (2023). Law no. 282 of 19 October 2023 for the amendment and completion of certain normative acts in the field of service pensions and of Law no. 227/2015 regarding the Fiscal Code. https://legislatie.just.ro/public/DetaliiDocument/275498

Popescu, M. (2022, October 31). Ședința Secţiei pentru judecători a CSM de joi, 3 noiembrie 2022. Gândul. https://www.gandul.ro/justitie/sedinta-sectiei-pentru-judecatori-a-csm-de-joi-3-noiembrie-2022-19866215

Pricop, A. (2025, August 14). Declic community files legal action challenging Lia Savonea’s appointment as ICCJ president. Stiripesurse. https://www.stiripesurse.ro/declic-community-files-legal-action-challenging-lia-savoneas-appointment-as-iccj-president_3790164.html

Redacția Hotnews. (2022, October 28). Ministrul Justiției, îngrijorat că magistrații supărați că le vor fi reduse pensiile speciale s-ar putea „pensiona în masă" / Judecătorii din CSM, „consternați" de redeschiderea discuțiilor privind pensiile speciale. HotNews.ro. https://hotnews.ro/ministrul-justitiei-ngrijorat-ca-magistratii-suparati-ca-le-vor-fi-reduse-pensiile-speciale-s-ar-putea-pensiona-n-masa-judecatorii-din-csm-consternati-de-re-100317

Redacția RFJ. (2024, septembrie 30). Argumentum ad baculum, or how to imagine a judicial system without a non-unitary case law overnight. Case C-606/24, Ministerul Finanțelor. Forumul Judecătorilor. https://www.forumuljudecatorilor.ro/index.php/archives/6844

Redacția Spotmedia.ro. (2025, October 20). No Change for Special Pensions: Constitutional Court Strikes Down Reform. Spotmedia.Ro. https://spotmedia.ro/en/news/news/no-change-for-special-pensions-constitutional-court-strikes-down-reform

Romanian Journal. (2023, August 2). CCR defends the special pensions of magistrates. The law sent back to the Parliament. The Romania Journal. https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/law-crime/ccr-defends-the-special-pensions-of-magistrates-the-law-sent-back-to-the-parliament/

Romanian Journal. (2025, November 10). CSM refers deputy PM Oana Gheorghiu for hate speech. The Romania Journal. https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/law-crime/romanian-deputy-pm-reported-to-prosecutor-for-hate-speech-claims/

Simona, V. (2025, November 13). Decizie de ultimă oră a Curții Europene de Justiție în problema plății orelor suplimentare ale judecătorilor români din instanțele supraaglomerate. Hotnews.ro https://hotnews.ro/decizie-de-ultima-ora-a-curtii-europene-de-justitie-in-problema-platii-orelor-suplimentare-ale-judecatorilor-romani-din-instantele-supraaglomerate-2108193

Șomănescu, C. (2025, September 8). Pensia medie a magistraţilor a depăşit 24.000 lei pe lună anul trecut. 1,4 miliarde de lei din taxele tuturor s-au virat doar pentru pensiile magistraţilor în 2024 – Analiză. Economica.net. https://www.economica.net/pensia-medie-a-magistratilor-a-depasit-24-000-lei-lunar-anul-trecut-14-miliarde-de-lei-din-taxele-tuturor-s-au-virat-doar-pentru-pensiile-magistratilor-in-2024-se-platesc-covarsitor-de-la-bugetul-d_869439.html

Tobias, A. (2025, November 10). Ștefan Pălărie on the reform of magistrates’ pensions: I expect us to submit it this week. Mediafax. https://www.mediafax.ro/english/stefan-palarie-on-the-reform-of-magistrates-pensions-i-expect-us-to-submit-it-this-week-23639326

Turcu, R. (2025, July 8). Severe Shortage of Judges in Romania as Recruitment Competitions Are Blocked. Mediafax. https://www.mediafax.ro/english/severe-shortage-of-judges-in-romania-as-recruitment-competitions-are-blocked-23578403

Vorbitorincii (youtube channel). (2025, November 20). Ce vor magistrații de la România? Cu Ramona Grațiela Milu, judecător, Membru CSM [Video recording]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nDADeMEINAE

Weninger, C. (2008). Critical discourse analysis. In L. M. Given (Ed.), The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods (pp. 145–148). Sage Publications.

Wilson, J. A. (2018). Neoliberalism. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Publicat

25-12-2025