One Flew Over the Humanitarian Intervention's Nest. Conceptual Consequences on Sovereignty, Democracy and Citizenship
Keywords:
humanitarian intervention, cosmopolitan democracy, cosmopolitan citizenship, sovereignty as responsibility, international organizationsAbstract
Humanitarian interventions as operated by the United Nations or NATO, especially in the last twenty years represent new forms of pursuing global justice. As the fruit of the solidarity and the capacity to empathize with the Other, humanitarian intervention is considered by the cosmopolitan scholars to be one relevant aspect of global actions. Its impact undermines the classic meanings of concepts such as sovereignty, citizenship and even democracy. In other words, it entrains significant consequences over the classic paradigm of the nation-state. Assuming that scholars are mostly concerned with the manner in which the paradigm of sovereignty changes, the aim of my study is to demonstrate that humanitarian intervention also considerably influences the evolution of two other concepts, citizenship and democracy.
References
Archibugi, D. (2009). Cosmopolitan Democracy and Its Critics: A Review. European Journal of International Relations, 10, pp. 437-473.
Archibugi, D. (2004). Cosmopolitan Guidelines for Humanitarian Intervention. Alternatives. Global, Local, Political, 29, pp. 1-21.
Atack, I. (2002). Ethical Objections to Humanitarian Intervention. Security Dialogue, 33, 279-292.
Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An Agenda for Peace. Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-keeping. Accessed April 20, 2011. http://www.un.org/Docs/SG/agpeace. html.
Delanty, G. (2009). The Cosmopolitan Imagination. The Renewal of Critical Social Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Derrida, J. (1997). Cosmopolites de tous les pays, encore un effort!. Paris: Editions Galiée.
Evans, G. (2008). The Responsibility to Protect. Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and for All. Washington: The Brookings Institution.
Grovogui, S. (2005). The New Cosmopolitanisms: Subtexts, Pretexts and Context of Ethics. International Relations, 19, pp. 103-113.
Hassner, P. (1998). Refugees: a Special Case for Cosmopolitan Citizenship. In D. Archibugi, D. Held, & M. K��r (Eds.), Re-imagining Political Community. Studies in Cosmopolitan Democracy (pp. 252-272). Cambridge: Polity Press.
Held, D. (2008). Models of Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Held, D. (2001). The Transformation of Political Community: Rethinking Democracy in the Context of Globalization. In I. Shapiro, & C. Hacker-Cordon (Eds.), Democracy's Edges (pp. 84-111). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Holzfrege, J. L. (2003). The Humanitarian Intervention Debate. In J. L. Holzfrege, & R. O. Keohane (Eds.), Humanitarian Intervention. Ethical, Legal, and Political Dilemmas (pp. 15-52). New York: Cambridge University Press.
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. (2001). The Responsibility to Protect. Retrieved from http://www.iciss.ca/pdf/Commission-Report.pdf.
Kymlicka, W. (2002). Contemporary Political Philosophy. An Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press.
Linklater, A. (2002). Cosmopolitan Political Communities in International Relations. International Relations, 16, pp.135-150.
Marshall, T. H. (1997). Citizenship and Social Class. In R. E. Goodin, & P. Petit (Eds.), Contemporary Political Philosophy. An Anthology (pp. 291-319). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Reisman, M. (1990). Sovereignty and human rights in contemporary international law. American Journal of International Law, 84, pp. 866-876.
Slaughter, A.-M. (2004). A New World Order. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Vincent, R. J. (1986). Human Rights and International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Walker, N. (2006). Late Sovereignty in the European Union. In N. Walker (Ed.), Sovereignty in Transition (pp. 3-32). Portland: Hart Publishing.
Welsh, J. (2004). Taking Consequences Seriously: Objections to Humanitarian Intervention. In J. Welsh (Ed.), Humanitarian Intervention and International relations (52-68). New York: Oxford University Press.
Wendt, A. (2003). Why a World State is Inevitable. European Journal of International Relations, 9, pp. 491-542.